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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

美国没有兑现所谓对台“无偿军援”，台媒：台湾沦为筹码概率升高******

　　【环球时报综合报道】美国两党国会议员21日公布对2023财政年度拨款法案的协商结果，并未像民进党当局期待的那样把对台最多20亿美元的军援列入2023年度拨款，而是改以军事贷款的方式，且台湾必须在12年内偿还贷款。也就是说，美国所谓“无偿军援”并没有兑现。

　　据台湾《旺报》22日报道，美国参众两院日前分别通过2023财政年度国防授权法案，授权美国国务院2023-2027年间通过所谓“外国军事融资”计划，每年提供台湾最多20亿美元无偿军援。21日，美国两党国会议员公布协商结果。美国《防务新闻》称，2023财政年度拨款法案规定对台军事援助必须以贷款形式提供，且台湾将被要求在12年内偿还贷款。美国参议院外交委员会共和党籍副主席里奇称，拜登政府没有把为台湾安全援助计划提供资金当作优先事项，“是台湾的挫败”。

　　《防务新闻》还提到，在每年接受“外国军事融资”的超过25个国家和地区中，主要接受者是以色列(33亿美元)、埃及(13亿美元)和约旦(4.25亿美元)，而台湾每年生产总值(GDP)明显都高于这3个地区。2023财政年度国防授权法案也规定，台湾必须每年增加防务预算，才能保持获得美国“外国军事融资”的资格。

　　几周前美国通过的国防授权法案中提到无偿军援后，民进党当局一阵大张旗鼓的宣传，如今只能“强颜欢笑”。台“外交部”回应称，这在历年美国预算程序中并不罕见，最主要原因在于授权法与拨款法的立法是在不同委员会同时进行，制定拨款法的原始依据是拜登政府早在今年初就向国会提出的2023会计年度预算需求。国民党“立委”江启臣认为，美国看到台海局势的紧张，也看到台湾在民进党主政下战力的不足。

　　岛内舆论称，连日来一些台媒大幅报道无偿军援，台当局更是声称“挺台的质与量达到历史新高”，结果实在打脸。台湾《联合报》22日特别提道，今年4月窜访台湾的美议员格雷厄姆强力促销波音787客机，还曾参与“台湾政策法”共同提案，却没有在争取无偿军援一事上协助台湾。他还说：“我们有各种需求。全球都在闹饥荒，食物短缺。我想帮台湾，但也许较好的方式是贷款。”

　　台湾《旺报》社评称，美国的援助有先决条件，未来实际执行充满不确定性。最重要的是，台海安全不会因美国国防授权法案而有根本改变。台湾中时电子报的社论称，民进党坚持“抗中保台”“亲美反中”的意识形态，台湾沦为筹码的概率随之升高，再加上民进党执政两岸关系持续恶化、美国对台湾防务信心流失、决策系统僵硬及台湾内部分化对立扩大，即使美国国会通过了空前挺台的法案，也难以扭转台湾安全加速腐蚀的事实。(张若) 

　　(环球时报)

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）