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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

外汇管理局：2022年我国外汇市场运行总体经受住了考验******

　　中新网1月18日电据国家外汇管理局网站18日消息，国家外汇管理局副局长、新闻发言人王春英就2022年外汇收支形势答记者问。2022年，我国外汇收支形势在复杂严峻的外部环境下保持总体稳定，主要原因是什么？

　　王春英表示，2022年，受主要经济体“高通胀”“紧货币”等多重因素影响，国际金融市场剧烈震荡，全球股票和债券指数大幅下跌，美元指数创二十年新高，欧元、日元、英镑等主要国际货币相继创下近二三十年来新低。我国外汇市场运行总体经受住了考验，人民币汇率在全球主要货币中表现相对稳健，我国跨境资金流动更趋均衡，这主要得益于两大支撑因素，表现为两个“韧性增强”。

　　一方面，国内经济尤其是涉外经济发展韧性增强，国际收支稳健运行得到有力保障。首先，经常账户、直接投资等基础性国际收支顺差发挥了稳定跨境资金流动的主导作用。2022年前三季度，我国经常账户顺差3107亿美元，为历年同期最高值，与同期国内生产总值(GDP)之比为2.4%，处于合理均衡区间；同时外商直接投资保持净流入，体现了我国在产业链供应链、全国统一大市场等方面的优势，也显示了稳外贸稳外资等政策举措效果。其次，外债结构总体优化，风险总体可控。近年来外债债务类型结构、币种结构以及期限结构都有所优化，存贷款等传统融资型外债调整幅度相对平稳。

　　另一方面，外汇市场韧性增强，适应外部环境变化的能力得到较大提升。一是人民币汇率形成机制不断完善，汇率弹性逐步增强，有助于及时释放外部压力，调节国际收支的自动稳定器作用更加明显。二是人民币在跨境使用中的占比不断提升，有助于降低跨境交易的货币错配风险。2022年，人民币收支在我国跨境收支中的占比接近50%，较2016年提升20多个百分点。三是市场主体主动管理汇率风险，更多开展套期保值操作，对汇率波动的适应性明显增强。2022年，企业外汇套保比例为24%，较2016年提升11个百分点。此外，外汇市场“宏观审慎+微观监管”两位一体管理框架不断完善，为跨境资金平稳流动、外汇市场理性交易提供良性健康的市场环境。(中新财经)

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　　（文图：赵筱尘巫邓炎）

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